Discrimination Essay -- Race Racism Prejudice

Discrimination Discrimination Of course you have heard of discrimination, but what is it. A dictionary would tell you discrimination is to make a distinction in favor of or against a person. Discrimination is a lot more than just that its hate, hurting, judging, ignorance, and can even lead to death. The world we live in has been struggling with this sensitive subject, for as long as we have record of. many a(prenominal) people believe discrimination has made a big step forward. But has it? If it has, why do people still receive hate mail, or get called names, or die because they differ from each other. I guess these are questions you must ask yourself. I guess you could also ask yourself, if you called anybody a name, or if you looked at some one different, or judged them because you did know them, or you didnt understand them. Your probably thinking, thats not discrimination. Oh but it is. Most of discrimination starts small, with name calling, or by judging and not liking people because of there ignorance of them. Yes, it ...

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe began his career as a poet, and collected or corrected poems throughout his career. A quality of enjoyable sounds can be found in poems that readers also consider serious. However, these elements can also exist with themes that are more veritable(prenominal) of the Romantic Movement, such as dreams and nightmares Poe handled this through images designed to show undecided states of awareness represented as lakes, seas, waves, and vapors.Nearly all Poes criticism on poem was written for the magazines for which he worked. Although the pieces were published occasionally, they reflect a remarkably logical, self-conscious view of poetry and of the creative process. Poe wrote "The Philosophy of Composition" to explain how he smooth "The Raven." The essay went up against the romantic guess that the poet works in an emotion of pure inspiration. Instead, Poe wrote a carefully planned description of poetic creation. The essay analyzes the impo rtant role of the conscious choice of an emotional atmosphere that is more important than events, characters, and the lyrics. Poe also offered his famous statement the death of a beautiful woman is the approximately poetical topic in the world. In "The Poetic Principle" (1850), Poe claimed that poetry works to achieve "an elevating excitement of the soul," an emotional state that could not be desire sustained. He further declared that a "long poem" is a contradiction in terms.Poe beli...

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: essays research papers

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984Who is watching us? Who judges us? And most importantly who controls us? In George Orwell&8217s novel 1984, bulky Brother was in charge of all these crucial aspects of everyone&8217s lives. This book which was written long before 1984 can really take place at anytime and anywhere. The c at oncepts and themes of this book be very real and very frightening. May be telescreens do not exist but V-chips and Pentium III computers atomic number 18 very very much alive. Even though we live in modern times how do we know who is insane? The world is flat and the planets revolve around Earth were once sane statements. Finally do we control ourselves in this Democratic country or argon we just puppets dancing to the high and powerful affluent members of our society. Or maybe G-d himself is the one who makes us do the things we do. The thought jurisprudence seek out and cure the misguided people who simply think too much. They look for at you minute by minute to see what you are doing and how u are doing it. I think more interesting than the thought police are the teaching of the morals of the land to the children. They are taught the ways of Ingsoc. They know right from wrong. One of Winston&8217s peers was taken away because his own daughter told the thought police on him. In this society children are at school more than they are even home. It is very possible to have a closer family with a teacher than with a parent. On top of that, Big Brother and the inner fellowship teach that it is only &8220you and the party. Meaning the party is very individualized. This allows the party to function very nicely because people do not make relationships with other people only to the party. People in Oceania are never left(a) alone. If you are alone and you are not sleeping this would definitely be looked at by the thought police. To keep people occupied there are hate speeches in order to show your love to Big Brother and Hate to the opposing country that Oceania is at war with. Everyone has a job and they are many organizations to belong to like the junior anti-sex league. Surveillance is a frightening thing. If you knew that everywhere you turned you were being recorded it could drive you crazy.

Women and their Roles in Pre-Industrial Europe Essay -- essays researc

The Women, Family, and Household of Pre-Industrial atomic number 63Many of people today feel trapped inside their central offices, safe how the women of Pre-Industrial Europe felt. Working day in and day out inside the homes, just to keep the family together, and make a little money on the side, these women were an intact part of Pre-Industrial families. Not only were the women important to Pre-Industrial European families, but so were the dramaticsholds. Much of the money was made in the households, and this is where families either succeeded or failed. The household and women of Pre-Industrial Europe played an integral role in the economy of the families, and more importantly, the women of these households kept them running smoothly. Without either of these important aspects of life in Pre-Industrial Europe, it is safe to say that the families would strike collapsed, due to a omit of organization and structures. Pre-Industrial Europe, in which the women and the household were the factories per se, due to the income they generated, was much divergent from the Europe we know today. Leading into the Industrialization of Europe line in the late 1700s and lasting through the early 1800s, the household played an integral role in the familys income. Without the household, the families would literally collapse, due to a lack of organization and stability. Within these important family sub-units, there was one married couple, their children, the familys servants, and in some cases, depending upon the region of Europe, there were grandparents, aunts and uncles. Not only did the father and servants of the house imprint, but also the women and children. Also, in the case of there being more than one generation of family in a single household, depending upon the region of Europe, the grandparents, aunts, and uncles would also work within the house. Once the children of these households reached a certain age, usually the early teens, they were sent off to work in a house as a servant. These servants were different then the servants of today, as they worked for room, board, and food, not waiting on the family. Once they started to generate income, the teens would save up the money necessary to begin their own family. However, there were the fewer exceptions teens that did not work as servants, and ended up marrying into an existing household. This however,... ...n e rattlingday life. For example, because of the early marriages in Eastern European families, the new couples went back to their old home and lived there. However, in Northwestern European families, the newly married couples started their own households and families, because they had more time to gain the money necessary to start their own households. For these reasons, the families of Pre-Industrial Europe were very successful, and were able to produce enough money to keep the family thriving.Sources CitedDonald Kagan, Steven Ozment, Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage. Upper Sa ddle River, NJ Prentice Hall, 2001.Patricia Ahmed, Rebecca Jean Emigh. Household Structure During the grocery store Transition in Eastern Europe. N/A.N/A.http//www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/groups/ccsa/ahmedemigh.pdfMichael Mitterauer. Historical Family Forms in eastern Europe in European Comparison.N/A. N/A. http//dmo.econ.msu.ru/Data/mitterauer.htmlRichard Hooker. Women During the European Enlightenment. N/A. N/A. http//www.wsu.edu/dee/ENLIGHT/WOMEN.HTM

Music Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay -- Post-traumat

1. INTRODUCTION A Person backsidenot be diagnosed with PTSD without having experienced a traumatic event. ( prevail and McHale, 2010, p.13). The purpose of this essay is to establish how Music Therapy can be used to help old stagers suffering from PTSD to cope with their traumatic experiences and manage their symptoms. I will define PTSD, then in further detail explore and explain how music therapy can be used to treat and manage the symptoms of PTSD. Finally, I will evaluate if Music Therapy is a suitable intervention for helping veterans treat the symptoms of PTSD. This essay will explore the perspectives of music therapists including Julie Sutton and Gary Ansdell and research of Psychologists Paul Gilbert, Nigel Hunt and Sue Mchale.2.1 DEFINITION OF PTSD Psychologists Hunt and McHale (2010, p.20) state that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)In order for someone to be classified as having PTSD, there must be 1)a traumatic event2)intrusi ve re-experiencing3)avoidance and general numbing4)hyper arousal5)problems stemming from these symptoms at work and home6)a minimum duration of one monthThis definition is helpful in providing a music therapist with a clear classification system to decide whether a veteran being referred to them, is displaying symptoms related to PTSD. 2.2 THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING TO PROMOTE DIAPHRAMATIC BREATHING According to Whealin, De Carvhalo and Vega (2008, pp.22-25)When we have survived extremely stressful or dangerous situations, the amygdala can start to be overactive. That is why when veterans return from war, they often feel alarmed even when they are not in danger. There are a bit of skills you can ... ...a Kingsley Publishers, pp.13-75.Bunt, L. and Hoskyns, S. (2002) The Handbook of Music Therapy. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, pp.190-195.Bunt, L. (1994) Music Therapy An Art Beyond Words. London Routledge, pp.171-175.Bright, G. (1997) Wholeness in Later Life. London Jes sica Kingsley Publishers, pp.119-123. Gilbert, P. (2010) Compassion Focused Therapy. London Routledge, pp.135-145.Hunt, N.C. and McHale, S. (2010) Understanding Post Traumatic Stress. London Sheldon Press, pp. 13-25.Jones, E. and Wessely, S. (2005) Shell Shock to PTSD. Hove Psychology Press, pp.215-220.Sutton, J.P (2002) Music, Music Therapy and Trauma International Perspectives. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp.231-257.Whealin, J.M., Decarvahlo, L.T. and Edward, M.V. (2008) Clinicians Guide to Treating Stress afterward War. New-Jersey John Wiley and Sons, pp.20-30.

Mistakes Made by Society and The Work of Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carso

Held as one of the most highly regarded facts of the scientific community, theories often change with the presentation of impudent evidence. However, the motivation behind obtaining this new evidence is often overlooked, wrought with political and personal motives guiding the work of scientists, as these scientists are able to make an impact on the rest of the world. though separated by a century, Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carson offered evidence to solve some of the biggest questions of their time period, with Louis Pasteur effectively concluding the spontaneous generation debate and Rachel Carson promoting awareness of our careless physical exercise of DDT and the impact this had on future generations.By the mid 1800s, Louis Pasteur was caught up in the spontaneous generation debate after reviewing the contradictory experiments performed by Francesco Redi, caper Needham, and Lazarro Spallanzani. Two centuries prior to Pasteur, Redi had argued that spontaneous generation could not occur, supported with experimental evidence. However, only one century prior to Pasteur, John Needham had shown that growth would occur in a flask of sterilized broth, which directly refuted Redis claim that spontaneous generation did not occur. Seeing a flaw in Needhams experiment, Spallanzani repeat the experiment, this time sterilizing the broth and the air present in the flask. Without this source of contamination, the flask remained sterilized, while a similar flask of broth which he left disperse to the environment began to show signs of growth. In refute of Spallanzani, those who believed in spontaneous generation said that the air carried a necessary life force which life whitethorn directly come from. One hundred years later, Louis Pasteur joins the debate... ...n with their work, the needs of society demanded their work be done, whether explicitly stated or not. Society had failed to recognize a potential threat in their time period and the work of these peop le changed the way people conducted their lives. Without people like Pasteur and Carson to correct the overlooked mistakes made by society, society may crumble under the weight of its own ignorance.Works Cited1-9 Spontaneous generation was an attractive theory to many people, but was ultimately disproven.. (2003, January 1). . Retrieved whitethorn 8, 2014, from http//www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27Regis, E. (2008). What is life? investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Carson, R., & Darling, L. (1962). Silent spring. Boston Houghton Mifflin .

Mistakes Made by Society and The Work of Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carso

Held as one of the most highly regarded facts of the scientific community, theories often change with the presentation of new secernate. However, the motivation behind obtaining this new evidence is often overlooked, wrought with political and personal motives guiding the work of scientists, as these scientists are able to make an impact on the rest of the world. Though illogical by a century, Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carson offered evidence to solve some of the biggest questions of their beat period, with Louis Pasteur effectively concluding the spontaneous generation debate and Rachel Carson promoting awareness of our careless use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the impact this had on future generations.By the mid 1800s, Louis Pasteur was caught up in the spontaneous generation debate after reviewing the contradictory experiments performed by Francesco Redi, John Needham, and Lazarro Spallanzani. twain centuries prior to Pasteur, Redi had argued that spontaneous gene ration could not occur, supported with experimental evidence. However, only one century prior to Pasteur, John Needham had shown that growth would occur in a flask of sterilized broth, which in a flash refuted Redis claim that spontaneous generation did not occur. Seeing a flaw in Needhams experiment, Spallanzani repeated the experiment, this time sterilizing the broth and the air present in the flask. Without this source of contamination, the flask remained sterilized, while a similar flask of broth which he left open to the milieu began to show signs of growth. In refute of Spallanzani, those who believed in spontaneous generation said that the air carried a necessary life force which life may directly come from. One hundred years later, Louis Pasteur joins the debate... ...n with their work, the needs of friendship demanded their work be done, whether explicitly stated or not. Society had failed to recognize a possible threat in their time period and the work of these people changed the way people conducted their lives. Without people like Pasteur and Carson to correct the overlooked mistakes made by society, society may crumble under the weight of its own ignorance.Works Cited1-9 Spontaneous generation was an attractive theory to many people, but was ultimately disproven.. (2003, January 1). . Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http//www.microbiologytext.com/index.php? faculty=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27Regis, E. (2008). What is life? investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Carson, R., & Darling, L. (1962). Silent spring. Boston Houghton Mifflin .

The Suffragettes

What was the aim of the suffragettes? The suffrage move manpowert was mainly women from middle correct backgrounds. These women were frustrated by their social and economic situation and wanted an outlet by means of which to initiate change. The word suffrage comes form French and means creation allowed to vote. They were fighting for their legal right to vote and the injustice of the women situation of not having play off rights as men in the early 20th century. But men in power denied it, so they resorted to violence. They started to fire mailboxes, smashing take indows and blowing bombs.Tactics how did they get their point across? This group of women, the suffragettes, used a variety of tactics during their fight for equal rights as men. Tactics varied from passive such as using uniforms in order to attract publicity or staging marches, public meetings make up printing their own newspaper. They also visited factories aiming to convince workingwomen to join their cause. They indeed got noticed all kinds of women joined the movement. Nevertheless, the parliament didnt grant them the right to vote.As a answer to this denial, they responded with more destructive tactics like smashing shop windows, setting fire and bombs in buildings. They purposely tried to get arrested in order to reverse people and make them realize that they were being treated like criminals. When they were in prison suffragettes went on hunger strike. Eventually the women were forced-fed. A tube was forced stack their throat and liquid was poured down. It was very painful. After this violent strategy, some participants thought they had gone to far and resigned.Leadership Emily Davidson an English women from a modest background who struggled her way through college, was a well-known participant of the suffragettes movement. She is a great example of their determination and constancy. During her years as a suffragette, she was arrested for various offences, including a violet attack on a man. During these arrests, she was tortured and force fed after a hunger strike, and suffered from severe spinal damage when throwing herself down an iron staircase as a protest.Her tactics became more and more extreme as planting bombs. Her motto was Rebellion against tyrants is obedience to God. The final act that earned her eternal fame as suffragette and present her strong will power and bravery was when she threw herself under the Kings horse, Anmer, as it rounded Tattenham Corner becoming like this the first martyr of the suffragette cause. Success of the cause With the clap of the warfare in 1914, the WSPU ended their political activities.All suffragettes were released from prison and they focused on supporting the war. Many women worked very hard during the war, they took jobs normally reserved for men. The huge poesy of men needed to fight the war and the high numbers of wounded amongst the soldiers, forced men to employ women as gas workers, coal heavers, transpor t workers, and ambulance drivers. When the war ended, these female workers were rewarded with a law that allowed women everyplace 30 years of age with property, to vote in parliamentary elections and even become Members of Parliament.Finally in 1928 all women over the age of 21 were given the right to vote. Relevance of the suffragette movement The suffragettes confronted, for the first time, the prejudice against women that has always existed throughout history. They attacked it both political and culturally, and they realized that they needed to win the right to vote because without political power they didnt have a chance to change their position in society. The belief of the time was that women were not satisfactory enough to compete with men and to participate in politics.They had nothing to loose in the beginning and their ideas of how far they could take their actions in the name of their principles had no limits. They would do anything that was needed to change the future of the women who would follow them. Still this political movement remains very important for modern society today, there are unflurried many challenges limiting the rights of women. Even though the suffragettes accomplished quite a lot, equality between men and women has yet to be achieved. Their example teaches us perseverance and commitment to a cause even when there seems to be no hope of winning.

Argument Analysis Essay

Arguments are an integral part of human society, and structuring these objects properly is important to emphasize a point. In the documentary I Can win over Your Mind About Climate, many legitimate and illegitimate telephone lines are put forrader to the viewer. Some of these arguments are structurally wrong, and in some of them the premises are not relevant to the conclusion. The purpose of the documentary was for the two main protagonists, Anna Rose and come off Minchin to try and permute each others minds about climate change.The documentary follows Anna and Nick around as they bring each other to people that they think will change the other persons mind, or help to. The first argument I will be analyzing will be an argument from Marc Morano, a notorious climate denier and blogger who runs the website climatedepot. com. His argument, as put into standard form, is as follows P1 The sea level is dropping, P2 The community of polar bears is rising, P3 Global temperatures are decreasing, C Therefor climate change is not happening.While at first glance this argument tones like a solid deductive argument, the premises are lacking. The lack of actual numbers, along with the debatable follow on to the conclusion, do work this argument worth looking foster into. The structure of this argument is a deductive empirical argument. The structure is sound and valid, being a deductive argument, where the premises entail the conclusion. As a deductive argument, the premises must not only support the conclusion, they must directly lead on to the conclusion.Mr.Morano has appeared to have done this, however we must first look further into the premises and the structure to determine weather the argument is conclusive or not. Premise one states The sea level is dropping. Mr. Morano has given no evidence to support this premise, losing conclusivity. This is much the same for the other premises, no supporting evidence is shown, and so the truth of the premises is always in question. Morano had put these forward as empirical pieces of evidence, but empirical implies that they must be 100 percent, universally accepted to be true facts.As such, Mr. Morano has put forward a very inconclusive argument, which would not hold up well in an argument. No evidence was shown in the documentary to support these premises, and it is clear that Morano is bending the facts a little, considering the overwhelming evidence shown to us by Anna Rose about temperature increases, sea level rises and increased carbon in our atmosphere. Anna seems to be aware of this, and refutes him afterward, in the argument which we will now look at.Anna Rose is a young climate change activist who was appearing in the program alongside Nick Minchin. Her argument is against Mr. Moranos credibility, and in standard form is as follows P1 If I engage in a debate with you, then you will make facts up. P2 You will make facts up. C Therefor I will not engage in a debate with you. This is a clea r example of a modus ponens deductive argument. I have added premise 2 as an implicit premise to show the flow of logic.This deductive modus ponens argument is valid, it has a valid form and the principle of humane interpretation has not been applied. Premise 1 is an assumption. Anna is assuming that because Morano is known for making things up, he will make facts up to support his argument if she engages in a debate with him. No evidence is shown in the documentary of Morano making facts up, however after a small amount of research I have undercoat that Morano is indeed not very credible he received just a 1 out of 5 star credibility rating at an online site.This leads me to believe that Anna is correct in thinking that he will make facts up to refute real arguments put forward by climate change activists. This argument is sound and is very effective in the documentary, it shows the viewer that they can not trust the credibility of Mr. Morano, and therefor to mot listen to his a rguments. TO be fair, the digest of arguments is a very thought provoking and interesting topic. While Mark. Morano has in the past made good arguments against climate chage, Anna Rose definantly has a better grok of the ideas of argumentative science.

Religious Experience Essay

A sacred follow up is an encounter with God when you be intimate transcendent reality and it you laughingstock non will it to happen. A direct phantasmal experience refers to events where God reveals him/herself directly to the somebody having the experience. The experience is not chose or willed by the person the person experiences or observes God in some way. An indirect spectral experience refers to experiences, thoughts or feelings about God that are prompted by events in mundane life. For example observing the stars in the sky and having thoughts about the greatness of God the Creator. Ineffable experiences are beyond human powers and abilities to fully describe and communicate. Religious experiences outhouse be down in many forms such as visions, voices, numinous experiences, rebirth experiences, or corporate ghostlike experiences.The inductive argument is all found upon experience. Inductive arguments suggest that if an entity is experienced, it means that it must exist. It implies that God is the sort of being that is possible to be experienced and that people can claim to throw off experienced God directly. One may conclude from this that God exists.Richard Swinburne suggested that in that respect are two different types of religious experience Public and Private. An ordinary experience comes downstairs public and is an experience where a person interprets a natural event as having a religious significance (for example the beauty of nature). An extraordinary experience appears to violate normal taking into custody of the workings of nature (e.g. Jesus turning water into wine). There are three types of private experiences which includes experiences such as dreams, non describable experiences where God is revealed.These experiences go beyond human powers of description. The last type includes things like looking at the world from a religious perspective. Swinburnes principle of credulity maintains that it is a principle of rationality t hat in the absence of special consideration, if it seems to a person that X is present, then X probably is present because what iodin seems to compass is probably so. The principle of testimony maintains that in the absence of special considerations, it is reasonable to confide that the experiences of others are probably as they report them.There is evidence of religious experiences in the Bible, such as Sauls conversion in Acts 91-3. Saul sees a big light which no one else experiences, followed by the Lord speaking to Saul where Saul talks back (other people also hear the lord). Saul then goes concealment and the Lord speaks to Ananias in a vision who then restores Sauls sight. This experience was said to change Sauls life which makes it the account more accurate because why would he lie? However some may critique that the person who wrote it (Luke) was not present at the time of the event so may not convey all the correct details. Furthermore some may say that the experience could have still been an epileptic fit, which would explain the light Saul saw. However there was no evidence that he had an illness could cause side effects like hallucinations, visions or delusions. Sauls conversion also appears later in the bible in Acts 22 and 26 which may weaken its validity because each account has slightly different details.William James was interested in the conversion experiences because he rememberd that they were the inspiration behind institutions like the church, and trustd we would not have the church without them. He believed that religious experiences lead to loss of anxiety, gaining of new knowledge and a changed understanding of the world. One of James achievements was to identify four characteristics of religious experiences, which were particularly prominent in mystical religious experiences of God. This includes ineffable which is a direct experience of God, which goes beyond human powers of description. Another characteristic is that they ar e noetic, which refers to the fact that mystics receive knowledge of God that is not otherwise available. An addition characteristic is transient which means the affects are not permanent but it they are long lasting and can change a person. The final characteristic is passive which means that the person is not in control of it happening but is something, which happens to the mystic and is from God. James saw this as evidence against arguments claiming that a religious experience can be explained by saying a person willed it.James suggested that the only possible sign that religious experiences are from God is a good disposition. So he would not ask you to do anything bad. For example, Michael Abrams believed that he heard a voice telling him to kill George Harrison in 2001, when in actual fact he was just mentally ill because he had come off his medication. The voice he heard was not from God because they encouraged him to do bad things. James believed that religious experiences on ly have authority for the person who experiences it, but they may have great meaning. James did not deny the reality of religious experiences, but he examined the similarities between them and other experiences such as dreams and hallucinations, or subconscious ideas.He suggested that on their own they do not demonstrate Gods human beings, they do suggest the existence of something larger. James makes it rather clear in his book Varieties of Religious Experience that religious experience is central to religious belief. However James leaves assailable the possibility of Gods existence. Furthermore, many psychologists claim that religious experiences only happen to people who already have at least some religious belief. However there are some cases that have no connection to any religious tradition. James argued that religious experiences are explainable psychologically, however J.L. Mackie argued that if this is the case, they have no authority even for the person who experienced i t.Immanuel Kant rejected all claims of religious experiences. He thought that because God is not an object in put and time and we only have five senses, which limit us to only sense what is in space and time. This makes it impossible for us to experience God. The example of the blind girl can be used to explain Kants suggestion. For instance, the blind women in the picture can experience her daughters hair because she is piteous it, but she cannot experience the rainbow, which is behind her because she has no sight so it is out of her senses.Richard Swinburne suggests two ways, which can be used to asses claims about religious experiences. The first one is the principle of credulity. This argues that other things being equal, we have good reason to believe what a person tells us is correct. On the whole we normally believe would believe a simple statement telling us that they saw a cat crossing the road, even if we had not witnessed it ourselves. The principle of Credulity states that we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be unless and until we have evidence that they are mistaken (Swinburne Is there God). He suggests reasons why we may not believe evidence, such as there may be evidence that an event was not caused by God. He gives the example of an set of identical twins you see one twin but later discover it was actually the other twin.Swinburne then goes on to suggest the principle of testimony, which argues that it is reasonable to believe what person tells you. For example there would normally be no reason why you would not believe what your good jock says. However if that person is a cognise joker or liar, this may be a special consideration as this knowledge may undermine any instance to believe what your friend tells you. However, not everyone has religious experiences, which you mean that one could say that this may be a reason to say that experiences are caused by something else. If someone is dying of inclination they may see a hallucination of an oases but this does not mean that it is real.If religious experiences are similar to this, they do not reveal god. Swinburne suggests that it is the already religious people who are more likely to have a religious experience just because they have a better chance of recognising a religious experience by using their beliefs. This means that attention can be drawn towards prior beliefs. Swinburne argues that, taken with other evidence of Gods existence, religious experiences make it likely that God exists. However Anthony Flew gave the example of 10 leaky buckets they will never be as good as one non-broken one. Flew suggests that a series of weak arguments does not make a strong one.The Vicious Circle Challenge says that religious experience depends on the prior assumptions on those involved. This implies that instead of religious experience being a basis for faith, they are more likely to be generated by existing faith commitments. So therefore they do not und erwrite faith. The Conflicting Claims Challenge argues that if one religion relies on their religious experiences to prove their religion then each can religion can claim the same. It implies that each religion is equally true, as David Hume put it that it is a complete triumph for the sceptic.

On Saying Please Essay

Alfred George Gardiner (18651946), a British journalist and author, is highly regarded in the literary bena. From 1915 he contributed to The Star under the pseudonym (pen name) Alpha of the Plough. At the time, The Star had several anonymous screenists whose pseudonyms were the names of stars. Invited to choose the name of a star as a pseudonym he chose the name of the brightest (alpha) star in the constellation the Plough. His essays are uniformly elegant, graceful and humorous. His uniqueness lay in his ability to teach the basic truths of life in an easy and peculiar manner. The Pillars of Society, Pebbles on the Shore, Many Furrows and Leaves in the Wind are some of his best known writings. Lets read a highly edifying essay touching upon a very basic principle of life.IntroductionGood Manners are of great value in human life. Bad courtesy are not a legal crime. just everybody dis wish wells a man with bad manners. Small courtesies win us a lot of friends. Words like enliven and thank you helps us in making our passage through life smooth. The law does not permit us to hit back if we are the victims of bad manners. But if we are threatened with physical violence, the law permits us some liberty of action. Bad manners create a chain reaction. friendly practice demands politeness from us. A good mannered person will find that his work becomes e person will find that his work becomes easier by the ready co-operation that he gets from others.SummaryThis essay deals with little but socially important incident from daily life. It shows us the importance of word like cheer or thank you in our everyday life. They settle bitter quarrels and soften bad tempers. The damage done by an unkind word is more execrable than physical injury. A lift-man in an office threw a passenger out of the lift as the latter was impolite. He did not use the word please while asking him to take him to the top. The author is of the opinion that discourtesy is not a legal offence. I f a person knocks another person down because he has broken the law, the former will beacquitted .But the liftman was in wrong because the law does not permit anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous. terminalIf we are uncivil, others also become uncivil. If we show good manners others will also behave well. A cheerful person can make a gloomiest person cheerful. The author feels that it is always better to be on the bus of that conductor when going from one place to another. It is sound investment to poses good manners. If lyric poem worth could get a lesson from the poor-leech gatherer, there is no harm in getting lessons from adperson like bus conductor who has good manners .War has affected civilities of life. But they must be got back to make life sweet, kindly and tolerable for each other. The law cannot help us to get them back, but it can lonesome(prenominal) protect us against physical attack. We should be polite towards others so as to have a spiritual victory.

Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Abel Girma Mr. Lucky English Language and Literature IB Y1 04 September 2012 Word Count 1087 The Consciousness of Symbolism in A lift For Emily Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long mountain chain of iron-gray hair read the last lines of A locomote for Emily, a short news report written by the Ameri fire author and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner, published in 1931.These last words put a shocking and rather troubling end to this piece depicting the strange life of Emily Grierson, and her obdurate refusal to adapt to changes in her life, living in her own non-transforming world. Various symbols are apply throughout the text although Faulkner did not use any kind of conscious symbolism. The validity of this claim lies in his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance speech, his biography and his audience on the mea ning of A rose for Emily. Emily Grierson is portrayed as A fallen monument from the very beginning of the story as the narrator starts to account the ceremonial procedures following her death.Soon after, her home, a house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies. (Section I of A Rose for Emily) Is adjacently undermined as an eyesore among eyesores (Section I of A Rose for Emily), invaded by the deteriorating and industrialized neighborhood that used to be an illustriously reputed neighborhood in the 1970s. This is a fine example of symbolism used in the text as it gives an inkling of the stubbornness in which Emily, a southern woman has lived her life cleaved to the past and immersed in old southern traditions.Similarly, the Rose in A Rose for Emily is a thought-provoking symbol due to the situation that it is never mentioned throughout the totality of the story. The interpretations of the Rose are unbounded and debatable. It female genitals be understood as being a rose of sympathy Faulkner would like to dedicate to Emily for she had lived an undeniably grim life of solitude and misery. It can equally be interpreted as a rose representing the love Emily desperately needed in her life but never truly found, seeing as a rose generally symbolizes love in most(prenominal) cultures.Likewise, another shock kindling and incontestably pivotal symbol in the story is confined in spite of appearance the last sentence, the long strand of iron-gray hair. These last words reveal the gruesome moral depravity in which Emily lived a great split of her life, sleeping beside the decaying corpse of Homer, the first potential true-love in Emilys life that decided to leave her soon after they started spending a lot of time together. The strand of hair symbolizes the often heretical path which people cross in the quest for love.There is not a clear enough correlation between most of the symbols and what they symbolize for them to have been an application of conscious symbolism. Further more than Faulkner himself has ascertained that he doesnt rely on consciously using symbolism to channel his philosophies as an author. Effectively, William Faulkner blatantly denies using any conscious symbolism. He explains I was simply trying to write about people it was no intention of the writer to say, Now lets see, Im going to write a piece in which I will use a symbolism (extract from the interview A Meaning of A Rose for Emily).This mention further validates the argument that the symbolism used by Faulkner was unintentional. Ray Bradbury, one of the most renowned American writers of the 20th century explains his take on this proceeds in a response to a letter from a 16 year old student in 1963. The student wanted to know more about the use of symbolism in literary works so Bradbury stated that I never consciously site symbolism in my writing. That would be a self-c onscious exercise and self-consciousness is defeating to any creative act. The best symbolism is always unsuspected and natural. Faulkner also describes his main interest as a writer as being about the human heart in conflict with itself (Nobel Prize acceptance speech). Thus, his sole purpose as a writer goes against the act of using conscious symbolism. Accordingly, in A Rose for Emily, he tells the outlandish, yet compelling story of Miss Emily Griersons internal conflict in the inquisition of happiness and love that leads her to unorthodox even satanic acts. Faulkners A Rose for Emily offers symbols with limitless interpretations and therefore proves to a considerable extent that the use of those symbols werent conscious.Moreover, It would be contumelious not to agree with the author when he denies the use of conscious symbolism. Symbolism in A Rose for Emily is consistently present and plays a major mathematical function in the possible readers interpretations of the story s message. However, the use of symbols in a literary work is inevitable and isnt always a product of a conscious act. This means that the fact that there is symbolism in the text isnt a contradiction to the authors initial goal which is writing a mere ghost story inspired by a picture of a strand of hair on the pillow in the abandoned house. (Interview on The Meaning of A Rose for Emily). Consequently, the unconscious symbolisms within the story give it sophistication and depth due to its readers interpretations, not due to the immoral act of imposing symbolism upon them. The American author Isaac Asimov encompasses the answer to the brawl of the use of symbolism in his response to the same letter about from the 16 year old student Consciously? Heavens, no Unconsciously? How can one avoid it? Faulkner did not use conscious symbolism in A Rose for Emily.Numerous applications of symbolism are present in this short ghost-story and they do hold a non-negligible position in the overall meaning of the piece based on each readers understanding of them. Nevertheless, the literary virtuoso, William Faulkner did not intentionally place these symbols as a means to convey his message in a latent manner. In lieu of doing so, he straight-forwardly wrote a simple ghost-story containing inevitable symbols. As a matter of fact, we may ask ourselves to what extent is the conscious use of symbolism in literature in order to convey message, efficient and trenchant?

Animal Farm’s Totalitarian Leader Essay

Animal Farms leader, Napoleon, has any the power. He is able to pass on up and call for onto that power as a totalitarian leader, which is a central government that controls over all aspect of life. Napoleon did many antithetic things to get to that power and hold onto it.Napoleon first took charge after the rebellion against Mr. Jones. He and Snowball, who was the some other smart pig on the farm, wrote the seven commandments. The other animals dont bonk how to read, so Snowball needed to read it to them. Never mind the milk, comrades cried Napoleon.(Orwell 44). So the animals marched down to the hayfield to begin harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappe ard.(44) So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.(44) accomplices he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privi lege? Many of us actually dislike milk and orchard apple trees.I dislike them myself. Our sole objective lens in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and constitution of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would take chances if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back Yes, Jones would come back(52). Napoleon and Snowball sent squealer to strike the animals with fear that Jones might return, and stole the apple and milk from them because they require it.Napoleon took care of everyone who was a threat to him. At this there was a terrible baying sound startside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They rush along straight for S nowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. (66) Napoleon got rid of Snowball because he was a threat to his power. Snowball was in favor of helping the farm, but Napoleon just wanted to get the power for himself. To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon boxer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go.Napoleon appeared to change countenance and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk outside(a), bruised and howling.(92) Napoleon seek to get Boxer killed but Boxer did not realize that, thats why Napoleon countenance. Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed because everyone looked up to him, and he was loyal to Napoleon. Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied. Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knackers(123).Everyone thought Napoleon was sending Boxer to the hospital, but really they were going to kill him.Napoleon tried keeping all of the animals dumb so it can be easier to take advantage of them. It was the most affecting sight I have ever seen said Squealer, lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. I was at his bedside at the very last. And at the end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. Forward, comrades he whispered. Forward in the name of the Rebellion. Long live Animal Farm Long live Comrade Napoleon Napoleon is always right. Those were his very last words, comrades. Here Squealers demeanor suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment, and his slender eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he p roceeded.(125) Squealer easily lied to them about them taking Napoleon to the hospital.Napoleon changed the Seven Commandments without the animals knowing, because they were work too much to have time to read. The original Commandments were1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. (43) In the end, Napoleon took them all out and left only one Four legs good, Two legs better.Napoleon used many different techniques to build up and hold onto the power he has over Animal Farm. He kept the animals dumb, got rid of his threats and changed the commandments.

Engage in Personal Development in Health, Social Care Essay

1.2 Explain expectations round get work case as expressed in relevant standards.The expectations about my own work role as expressed in relevant standards be to safeguard clients, to treat them with dignity and respect, to promote independence, to egest them choice, and to make sure that they are in a clean and environment.2.1 Explain the importance of reflective suffice in continuously improving the quality of service provided.Working in care requires that in rove to be an effective practitioner and to provide the best possible service for those you care for, you need to be adequate to reflect on what you do and the way you work and to also identify your strengths and weaknesses. It is important to poll the work that you have done and identify areas where you know you need to carry out additional development.2.3 disembowel how own values, beliefs systems and experiences whitethorn affect working practice.Everyones values and beliefs are affected to different degrees by the same range of factors. These may include life stages, physical, social and emotional stages of development, employment, socio-economic circumstances, cultural background, religious beliefs and values, education, the cause of relationships, environment. You may believe that everyone should be treated in the same way, however there are differences in approach or attitude you may be un awake(predicate) of.For example, you may not be aware that you are spending more time with someone who is asking your advice about a course of attain which you think is sensible, than you are with someone who wanted to do something you thought inadvisable, there are many some other ways in which your beliefs, interests and values can affect how you relate to people. It is important that you are aware of how you may behave differently towards people, because it could make a difference to the quality of your work.3.1 Evaluate own knowledge, performance and sense against relevant standards.My job came w ith a job description, but while that guarantees me what I need to do, it did not tell me how I needed to do it. To find that out, I needed to look at the Standards that withstand to my work. Standards, as with Codes of Practice, will vary depending on the UK country in which you work. Each UK country has content Minimum Standards that are used by inspectors to ensure that services are being delivered at an acceptable level. Fin altogethery, and most significantly in terms of how I carry out my work, there are the National Occupational Standards (NOS).These apply across the whole of the UK, and explain what I need to know and be able to do in order to work effectively in social care. The National Occupational Standards form the basis for all the qualifications in the social care sector, and are divided into units of competence. Some of these are mandatory, and I am able to salute competence in these areas. Other units are optional and I am able to demonstrate competence in those units relevant to my job role.In performing my job role, competence means that I have been able to provide evidence that I can demonstrate the skills and the underpinning knowledge contained in the National Occupational Standards. It is important to understand that competence is not only about doing the job it is also about understanding why I do what I do and the theoretical basis that underpins the work.

Petroleum Exploration

Petroleum exploration and Production consists of iv major processes of exploration, surface-development, product and site abandonment. In this assignment, we had chosen the major process of exploration and production. Petroleum Exploration is conducted to find and detect the site which contains oil or natural gas. Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation. However, near exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the extent of these deposits using exploration geophysics.Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons argon initially subjected to a gravity survey, magnetic survey, passive seismic or regional seismic grammatical construction surveys to detect large-scale features of the sub-surface geology. Features of interest are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which work on the pattern of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel through matter of var ying densities and using the process of depth mutation to create a profile of the substructure.Finally, when a prospect has been identified and evaluated and passes the oil companys selection criteria, an exploration well is drilled in an attempt to conclusively determine the presence or absence of oil or gas. On the other hand, after the process of exploration and well development, the thrid process will be the production of oil. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling.This comes after the studies of structural geology at the reservoir scale, aqueous basin analysis, reservoir characterization mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from petrol or gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide manakin of materials, and it is estimated that the world consumes about 88 million barrels each day.

Pygmalion and Pretty Woman Essay

I feel dependable standardised Julia Roberts in delightful womanhood except for that whole hooker thing.Its no surprise that Laney, the speaker of these words and heroine of 1999s Shes distri thatively(prenominal) That should feel that way. She could see just as easily said that she felt like Audrey Hepburn in My Fair Lady because Shes All That is the latest example of a series of delineations ground on the Pygmalion myth, an occurrence that illustrates Hollywoods long fascination with this myth. The original Pygmalion theme is found in Ovid. Pygmalion is the story of a gifted young sculpter who is a woman hater. Ironically, the sculpture that most fascinates him and that he puts all of his maven into is a statue of a woman. The statue is exquisite, scarcely Pygmalion wasnt content. He kept tweaking the statue, working on it until it was so well-made that it looked real, and no differentwisewise womanreal or sculptedcould comp be. Pygmalion reached a point, however, whe re he could improve null else on the statue, and he fell in get laid with his creation.The poor sculpter tried to pretend that the statue was real he caressed it, tried to dress it up, brought it the gifts he thought a real woman would enjoy. Ultimately, his pitiful situation of his craze came to Venus attention. On the goddess of loves feast day, Pygmalion asked the goddess to let him find a maiden like his statue. Venus knew what Pygmalion really wanted, however, and the flames on her altar leaped up three times, signalling that Pygmalion would get his wish. When Pygmalion arrived home, he discovered that his statue was alive. He named her Galatea, and the two of them were married. What the Pygmalion myth boils down to is a man who creates a woman exactly as he would like her to be. Hollywood remains faithful to the basic events of the myth in each film interlingual rendition it creates.In each film, a man takes a flesh and blood woman and recreates herusually by means of a p hysical makeover but sometimes the makeover goes deeper into thoughts and manners each man also has the man go in love with his creation now that she is the way he wants her to look, dress, and act. plot of ground Hollywoods films accentuate to have the male creator realize somewhat during the course of the makeover that the woman is a person in her own slump, the actual perception of the mans noble awakening is weak. Each film interlingual rendition ultimately conveys the idea that the woman is not a worthy individual in her own right until she is molded by the man. Hislove, now that she is worthy of it, brings her to life.My Fair Lady, the film musical starring Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison, is actually based on the earlier play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The Galatea in this film is Eliza Doolittle (Hepburn), a poor, dirty flower trafficker in twirl of the century England. The Pygmalion in this film is Henry Higgins (Harrison), a cocky, sexist linguist and phonetic ist who believes that expression is what really sets the shed light ones apart. He wagers with Colonel Pickering that by dint of a change in dress and diction, he can turn the lower class Eliza into a lady that leave fool exalted conjunction. The only thing in the wager for Eliza is that she might be able to splay her own flower shop and somewhat bunk her lower class roots. He bullies Eliza and treats her as an object. To him, she is only an experiment, and it enters as a shock to him that she has feelings and opinions of her own.Higgins succeeds in turn of events her into a proper lady, but the irony is that as a proper lady, Eliza has almost become a statue, an object. She was a real woman in her natural state. Higgins experiment has robbed her of her identity and her natural feelings and has left her with likewise much class to ever be able to achieve her dream of being able to open a flower shop. She is no longer functional with her higher class diction and appearance , Eliza is now decorative. While the movie ends with a sense of a love match between Higgins and Eliza, it is unconvincing. In Shaws play, Higgins and Eliza never get together, and the film never quite convinces the audience that Higgins Pygmalion falls in love with his Galatea. elegant muliebrity is the early 90s take on the Pygmalion myth. The time is modern and the setting has changed to California. The Galatea role has been likewise updated. Instead of being a lower class flower girl, the Galatea is Vivian (Roberts), a prostitute with little education. Vivians Pygmalion is Edward (Gere), a wealthy businessman who first appears to have little heart or little take on for another person. The two meet over a car and continue their acquaintance because Edward needs a date for his social functions while in California. What is interesting near this film is its reversal of roles. Vivian and Edward fulfill some(prenominal) the Galatea and Pygmalion roles. Vivian undergoes a physical transformation through the designerclothes necessary to her role as Edwards date, and her new appearance seems to transform her life as she decides to leave prostitution and endows her with a new sensitiveness and nobility.Edwards physical alteration of Vivian through clothes and the exposure to a much civilized society seemingly transforms her from a pretty doll into a real person, making her now worthy of him, and allowing a real relationship to develop between them. Interestingly, though, Vivian isnt the only one who changes in the film. While Edwards physical appearance and outer reality need no work, his spirit does. He is the real statue, woody and without feeling. As Vivians noble nature begins to emerge because of her outer transformation, she begins to work transforming magic on him. He becomes a real person capable of feeling and capable of being the prince that Vivian desires. As a result, bonny adult female might retell the Pygmalion myth the most faithfully. Just as Pygmalion became able to love a woman because of how his creation affected him, Edward is changed and improved through Vivian, his own creation.Shes All That, 1999s translation of the Pygmalion myth and starring Rachel Leigh Cook and Freddie Prinze, Jr., is probably the weakest adaptaton of the myth. Unlike the characters in the previous films, the characters is this film are high school students, and the setting has been moved to a high school. Like the other two films, Shes All That tries to make a social commentary by pitting the higher class, wealthier man against the lower class, poorer woman. The movie begins with rich, handsome Zack (Prinze Jr.) returning from Spring Break to find that his rich, beautiful, and vain girlfriend Taylor has dumped him for a former footslog member of MTVs The Real World. This rejection doesnt sit well with Zack, who is practically king of the school. Attempting to raise Zacks spirits, his best friend Dean makes a wager for Zack to prove his superior charms by turning both girl into a prom queen in six weeks. The guttersnip they select is Laney (Cook), a lower class Bohemian artist and outcast who unconvincingly hides her beauty under heavy glasses, paint-spattered clothes, and low self-esteem. Unlike the other films, the makeover in Shes All That isnt a key element. In this film the makeover takes most tailfin minutes and requires only a skimpy red dress, contact lenses, makeup, plucked eyebrows, and a hair rebuff to turn ugly duckling Laney into the swan.There also appears to be no othertransformation in Laney and Zack other than the five minute makeover. Unlike the other two films and the original myth itself, their characters do not grow. Zack is already a pretty good zany who never struggles with Laneys eccentricities or has any emotional problems he must overcome. As for Laney, she may look better, but her character is exactly the kindred. Hollywood loves the Pygmalion myth as illustrated by the number of fi lms that retell the myth. The problem with Hollywoods film adaptations, though, is that they are often modify and anachronistic. Is it really necessary on the cusp of the 21st century to still be making films that have the male trying to transform the heroine into something beautifl and better than what she was before he came along?Why does Hollywood ever require the Pygmalion to be wealthy and handsome while the Galatea is poor and uglyat least surfacely? If filmmakers are going to continue to retell this myth, why assumet they breathe some ingenuity and tonic life into it? Perhaps they cannot because to some extent, all of the films miss the point of the myth. The myth isnt scarce about a man who created his ideal woman it is also about how two people transform each other into something better than they were before. Perhaps the best and most interesting example of the Pygmalion myth is Overboard, starring Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn. In this film, Hawn is the rich, vain, and selfish one, while Russell is the decent, hard working, yet flawed Pygmalion. When the two are thrown together, their lives change. Hawn becomes caring and unselfish, performing as cheerleader to Russells reinvigorated Pygmalion. The two have fallen in love and changed each other for the better. moderately WomanBy Jim EmersonEdward Lewis (Richard Gere) is a working girl. So is Vivian Ward (Julia Roberts). Only she works on Hollywood Boulevard and he stays at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel. You and I are both such convertible people, says the Wall Street corporate raider to the streetwalker. We both screw people for money. evenhandedly Woman sells itself as a contemporary Hollywood ottoman tale Pygmalion Meets Cinderella in Beverly Hills about two floozies, a confederation man and an indieprod hooker (she keeps her rates low in thefree marketplace by choosing to work without a pimp), who (supposedly) find redemption, or at least financial security, in each others lovin arms . The fairy tale aspect of the picture almost works like a charm, thanks to some bright and appealing comic performances (including Laura San Giacomo as Vivians hussy roommate and Hector Elizondo as the prim hotel manager) a a few(prenominal) snappy one-liners, and Garry Marshalls sitcom-bright direction, which tries but finally fails to bleach out the movies darker, scuzzier implications about what money can and cannot buy in Americas culture of greed.Edward has bought and paid for nigh all(prenominal) relationship in his adult life he treats everyone around him like an employee. While in LA for a week, he hires Vivian (originally in blonde wig, looking like a skinny, slatternly Angie Dickinson) to be his date for a series of business functions, including a fancy dinner and a polo match. Out of the bargain, she gets $3000 cash, a makeover, new clothes and a crash course in what fork to use. Unavoidably, they both get more than they bargained for because surprise they fall i n love. And that changes everything. Of course, Cyndi Lauper sang that Money Changes Everything. And in its original, darkly cynical incarnation, the script for Pretty Woman (which couldve been called Working Girl ) was called 3000, because it was about the money that makes men and women unequal. But even in this severely processed and polished Disney product, its not clear what has actually made the (unconvincing) difference in these characters lives the love or the money? Finally, all the movie says is that you can be a harlot in administrator offices or on the streets but if you look like you live in Beverly Hills, then people will suck up to you and it wont matter who you are or what you do to acquire your money, just as long as you spend lots of it.Of course, it is beyond the scope (or intention) Pretty Woman to target this into an ironic or satirical point. The bleak notion is just there on the screen, acknowledged and reinforced, but never questioned. Vivian (the designa ted chaste superior) compares what Edward does buying companies, dismantling them, and then selling the pieces for profit to stealing cars and selling the parts. Edward (the designated economical superior) argues that what he does is perfectly legal. It just doesnt occur to him (yet) that its also parasitical and ethically deplorable. This same lesson appears to have been lost on the makers of Pretty Woman. The movie itself is like a stolen carthats been assumption a spotty paint job in an attempt to conceal the true nature of the fomite underneath. Scratch this movies polished coat ever so slightly and youll see that Pretty Woman is a conflicted tale about prostitution and dreams how we prostitute ourselves to achieve our dreams, and how those dreams are defiled and compromised by our prostitution. For commercial reasons, the picture desperately tries to skirt or downplay its own underlying themes.Significantly, the crucial, ambivalent lines from Roy Orbisons title song are bu ried somewhere in the middle of the movies upbeat music mix I dont believe you/Youre not the truth/No one can look as good as you. Orbison, at least, knew that enticing appearances could be deceiving. Pretty Woman (the motion picture) does not. In this movie, the clothes make the man (or woman) and if you cry at the opera, it proves youve got a cultured soul. Pretty Woman brackets its urban fable with appearances by a black street hustler/panhandler/chorus, who strides through the picture hollering stuff like This is Hollywood where people come to fulfill their dreams Some dreams come true and some dont Believe in your dreams The first time this chipper married person shows up, his comments are juxtaposed with sleazy slices of life on Hollywood Boulevard (crack dealers, pimps, a murdered whore stuffed in a dumpster).His exclamations serve as an ironic (and chilling) comment on what tourists find when they actually hold out to the heart of Hollywood The mythologized home of Americ as movie dream factory has fallen into decline and corruption. And yet, when the chorus figure reappears at the films contented Ending, his spiel is suddenly meant to be taken at face value which, I guess, demonstrates just how corrupted the dream factory has become. So, what are this guys dreams? To prowl the streets of Hollywood day and night shouting at people? Pretty Woman doesnt wanna know It would have taken the mordant wit and satirical sharpness of a billy Wilder or a Preston Sturges to get you to appreciate both the emotional surface lie and the deeper moral truth inherent in a story like this and to fully explore the ironic contrasts between the two. But Pretty Woman isnt black comedy or satire. Its tepid, force-fed pabulum, with a few cold and bitter lumps that have slipped through the studio strainer which make it very hard for all but the most inattentive viewers to swallow. Pretty Woman cant handle the contradictions it raises. Its simply schizoid probably becau se theaforementioned screenplay has been subjected to major Disnification in the development process, tarted up with an imperative feel-good ending that negates every valid observation that has preceded it.At one point, Vivian speaks for Disney (and audiences) when tells Edward, flat-out I want the fairy tale. Inevitably, she gets it thus violating all muniment and character logic. She knows its not true, and so do we, but well take the Disney version so we dont have to think about it. Apparently, test audiences wanted to buy into the fantasy, too integrity and verisimilitude be damned. And so, a form of moral nausea creeps up on you as you watch Pretty Woman, growing from the realization that the unequal economic/power basis of this relationship isnt going to change, Happy Ending or not. Vivian herself recognizes as much. Nevertheless, all your (and, it seems, Vivians) movie-conditioned reflexes make you hope-against-hope that these two will stay together. You want the wheeler dealer with the Heart of Gold to make Edward see how degenerate his social and business practices are. You want him to play washrag Knight and rescue Vivian from the streets, carrying her off to his penthouse castle.You want those Pavlovian wedding bells to ring so that you can salivate. accordingly you recall the real world, and people like Ivan Boesky or Michael Milken, and you want to puke in disgust. Edward becomes the movies hero when he prevents an associate from raping Vivian and decides not to commit a comparably despicable business doing at work. During the Reagan 80s, moral decisions we used to regard as minimum requirements for anyone with a conscience have in some way become grounds for sainthood in the movies. Maybe Pretty Woman isnt really a sully romantic comedy after all, but a sort of latent horror film about the ethical/economic decay of America. Sounds like a hit

“Kindred” by Octavia Butler -Analysis Essay

There are various connections that can be make in the midst of the characters in spite of appearance the novel Kindred written by Octavia Butler. The majority of these connections relate to quadruple of the course themes weve visited in olden few weeks double consciousness, collective trauma, diaspora, and power family relationships. The protagonist, Dana Franklin, traveled between the retiring(a) and present and in her travels she met a variety of antithetic people, including the enslaved African Americans and their White owners of the 19th century, as tumesce as her ancestors, oneness in stopicular is the cause of her time travel. Alice Greenwood and Rufus Weylin two had a peculiar relationship with Dana, as well(p) as with each other. The ties that Dana shared with Alice exemplified the themes of double consciousness and collective trauma, and the ties shared between Dana and Rufus demonstrated the themes of diaspora and power relationships.Alice and Dana had a sisterl y relationship, as some of the other characters had commented, Sarah in one case told Dana after Alices passing, You and her was like sisters You sure fought like sisters, always fussin at each other, stompin away from each other, comin back. Although a out blood line description, this is a very accurate summary of their relationship. Their double consciousness was first realized when Rufus had pointed out that they were both one and the same, this meaning that they were two halves of the same person. Not only did they look alike, save the line between their roles in the Weylin household were heavily blurred. Alice was the love interest of Rufus while she was alive, although her only use to him was to either sexually abuse her or use her as his personal punching bag. She had once told Dana that whenever shes around, the mental and corporal abuse isnt as bad as it regularly is. On the other hand, Dana has an immense gist of freedom in comparison to Alice, even to the other slave s. Due to the unspoken set of rules that Dana and Rufus share, he doesnt try to pursue some(prenominal) sexual relationship with her until the end of the book. As Dana had once said, I could accommodate him as my ancestor, unsalteder brother, friend, but not as my master, and not as my lover.Alice is openlyspiteful towards Dana because of this, but it is also obvious that the reason why she always comes back to Dana is because, like a sibling, she is used as an outlet for her pain, fear, and hate, and knowing that she could have done more to lesson Alices suffering, Dana allows puts her feelings aside and accepts the onslaught of abuse. Both of their relationships with Rufus also lead to their collective trauma as they are both abused by him, and, in different ways, he takes something from them that leave them un substantial. For Alice, he not only rips her freedom from out under her, but he also sells their children, which were the only reasons that she had stayed on the planta tion for so long. For Dana, he too took her freedom and the power that she once held over him had vanished completely, but its possible that he is also the reason that she there was a rook stump in the identify of her arm.The relationship that was shared between Dana and Rufus was the most complex relationship of them all. A list of unspoken rules shared between the two had been the foundation of their relationship, as they had both known that one could not live without the other, that if either one of them died, the other is just as good as rimy as well. Ever since Dana had first saved Rufus from drowning in the river, she had attempted to in unagitated some morals into the young boy in hopes that he wouldnt be as corrupt as his father or the other slave owners, as she knew that that was what he would soon become. Although, with each time that she returns to save the boys life, he grows older, and he becomes more mature as well as stubborn, not as advantageously goaded into do ing nice things for the slaves, like setting most of them free, or not selling any of them as his father does. Eventually, the reigns of power are no longer held by Dana, and the influence of the 19th century has at last rubbed off on Rufus for the worse. No longer small and feeble, Rufus has Dana sent to work in the fields, has her whipped, hits her multiple times, and in the end held the barrel of a rifle to her head, though the line is completely crossed when Rufus tries to have sex with Dana, which she responds to with the hold of a sharp blade in his side.Twice. The scale of power begins tipped towards Dana, then towards Rufus, then for another(prenominal) brief moment back to Dana. Their relationship is also, in a way, diasporic, as Dana is constantly out ofplace in the 19th century throughout the entire book. She brings back with her the knowledge of the future, though sparse, as well as new medicines, devices, and ideas, though because of her skin color she is seen as no more than either a smart nigger to the white folks and a white nigger to the blacks nothing more than a nigger. Even though she wasnt accepted by most of the other slaves and the whites who held power over her, Rufus, still needed her in many different ways and was very clingy at times, even as he gave his last long and shuddering sigh, he simply could not let go of Dana, both literally and physically, as his hand still grasped her arm in the afterlife.When Dana arrives from the past for the last time, she discovers -excruciatingly painfully- that her arm had somehow operate and conjoined with the wall of her living room. The exact spot where Rufus had held her in his final moments marked the deprivation of her arm, from the cubital joint to the ends of the fingers, It is unknown whether or not Danas arm is left in the past, still held between the cold fingers of the dead, as Rufus body was believed to be burned to ashes and never found, along with the Weylin estate. Danas graphi c physical vent shows what slavery truly is outside of popular novels, history books, and dramatized television where the actors practice the pain and suffering that their ancestors dealt with. The loss of her arm shows many different things, like how even though African Americans today have been take from slavery over time, who they are today was planted and rooted in the past. Also, slaves had constantly suffered from both frantic and physical abuse at the hands of their owners, yet they were extremely certified of their owners. Dana is subjected to horrific pain at the hand of Rufus, yet she still feels pity for him when he comes crawling back to her, as he is both her master and her kin-dred, so she alternates between despising him and feeling empathetic towards him. Lastly, Danas severed arm is a horrible loss, and it is meant to capture the horror of slavery. It is also significant that she suffers her injury because Rufus hangs on to her.Like Rufus holding onto Dana, the past has a hold on the present, the sacrifices of the past shape the present today. Dana loses an arm which is an important body part, oddly for a writer, although she escapes with her life. The slaves of the past had sacrificed skin, bone, and sanity, yeta lot of them escaped, albeit scarred. Danas horrific injury makes all of the sacrifices slaves made painfully real in order to make lives better for generations to come. Part of her lies in the past, and so does part of todays generation. In conclusion, the strange relationships that Dana had formed with her ancestors, Alice and Rufus, had in some ways, led to the loss of her arm. Her entire existence was dependent on the two of them having her great grandmother Hagar, and although Alice may have survived without Danas influence, Rufus was definitely dependent on Dana as well. Octavia Butler had wanted readers to take with them the reality of how we are still deeply rooted within slavery and it still has an affect on us today, ev en though it had ended over one hundred forty years ago. As Dana had witnessed first hand, slavery has never been a free occurrence, anyone who was apart of it in any way never came out of it as they once were before they never escaped slavery whole again, but as less of the person than they were before.

Is Del-Del by Victor Kelleher a Gripping Book? Essay

I do non think that Victor Kelleher is an exceptional thriller writer. However I do agree to the avowal which says that Del-Del grips handle a vice and holds the proofreader taut, on a nerves edge, until the final page. Victor Kelleher is a very talented thriller writer, the technique where he drops small clues in the text as to a likely ending is one to be admired and his fantastic techniques which he uses is the best thing ab kayoed Del-Del, alas Kelleher did not show his greatest work in this narrative.His technique where he dropped fake trails did not frame anticipation like he had hoped for the reason that he over utilise this technique too much. The ending was also a tad lame and also would hit perturbed the reader. We also found that the shifting of writing style bewildered the reader and was too big a risk for such a small have. To note the reader from spay state uninterested in the book, a good thriller author would drop various winds, or trails. These trails a re usually a probable idea of what could be the ending, or in this case, the answer to Del-Del.As mentioned before, this will trammel the reader interested in the book as they will be curious to find out if the ending is as they predicted. Examples of this in Del-Del are shown throughout the book and in all common chord roles. The main(prenominal) one in each section is when the family believes that Del-Del is what Sam leads them to be, meaning that the reader thinks this as well. For example in the first section, the reader thinks that Del-del is the beast possessing Sams body.In the entropy section, the reader thinks that Del-Del is an alien voyager and in the third section, the first half finds the reader thinking that Del-Del is the voyager and in the second image of the third section the reader finally discovers what Del-Del really is. As well as that in the first section Kelleher drops the hint that Del-Del is plainly Sam trying to expressing his feeling about Laura dy ing in page twenty septet when Hannah says what the psychiatrist said about Sam.Up to here, this is probably about as many false trails as is good for a book this size. Maybe even a little bit too much. Kelleher pose far too many false trails. And the false trails out issue forth the number of trails that lead to the right. In fact, the number of false trails compared to the number of right trails is about six to one, which is far too many. This can frustrate reader. So in conclusion while Kelleher is usually good at dropping false trails and hints, he overused it in this novel and the result was leaving the reader annoyed andpossibly frustrated. One of the main things about a thriller book is misgiving. Suspense is vital as without it the book would be just like every former(a) action or horror book. Suspense also keeps the reader interested in the book. In this book Victor Kelleher gives suspense in a few ways. The main one is by leaving cliff-hangers at the end of each chapt er. Each chapter finishes of with a short sentence with inconclusive information. This creates suspense because the short sentences neer reveal what is going to happen close.The reader then becomes curious as what is going to happen next and this creates suspense. Examples of this technique are in Section one, chapter eight And this time she wasnt alone, section two, chapter three Into the time of waiting and in section three, chapter four Back in my own room I lay awake for some time, listening uneasily to the many noises of the night. Another technique used to create suspense was telling the story from a first person point of view. The book is told from Beths (Sams older sister) point of view.Beth does not reveal everything at the start, she plays at out like a severalise or a diary, saying things as she was experiencing them without revealing the end. This relates to suspense because the reader will obviously call for to know the ending. This opens up another technique for s uspense because, as mentioned above, Kelleher attempted to drop false trails to keep the reader guessing. Example of this is in page 27 when Mum reveals the shrinks report. Kelleher convinces the reader that this is ineffectual by having Desmond blow up over it.As Beth thinks that this is unimportant, so does the reader. Kelleher uses 1st person storytelling to create suspense by having Beth mislead by circumstance and therefore the reader as well. So here, the author did a very good job when he put suspense in his novel. Suspense was the best part of the novel. As mentioned before, the author dropped a lot of hints and false trails too keep the author guessing. Kelleher also used a lot of suspense in his novel. So with all of this suspense one would hope for a fantastic and overwhelming ending. However this was far from the case.The ending was similar to the classic And then he woke up from the dream type ending. If one of those came up in a book, I am sure this would anger the r eader. This was remarkably similar. All it was is Sam trying to show his feelings about Laura dying. This was rather lame and many of the readers would have found this annoying and maddening. Another negative was that Kelleher decided to take a risk with this book and changed the genres in two ways in the book. The first section, which showed the beast and his rants, was a bit of a thriller horror genre.Then in the second section it changed to a thriller/sci-fi genre. And in the third section, it became a psychological thriller genre. For a large book this would be a fortunate way to create suspense. However when a small book like Del-Del (195 pages) changes genre twice, it tends to confuse the reader. They will be confused as to what is actually happening. This is what happened with Del-Del. Instead of creating suspense, it created confusion. Kellehers risk to change genres failed because it created confusion instead of suspense, and therefore it was a wasted and failed effort.In conclusion although Victor Kelleher was a successful writer overall, he did not do his best work in Del-Del. Although he put the arrant(a) amount of suspense in the novel, he overdid the false trails and hints throughout the book and this ended up misidentify and frustrating the reader. With the amount of false trails and suspense in the book, one would expect the ending to be a massive and unexpected ending. This was not the case and instead had a very lame ending where Del-Del was just Sam trying and failing to express his emotions.This sort of ending would also have annoyed the reader. As well as that the reader would also have been confused with the changing of genres. The book changes from a horror thriller to a sci-fi thriller to a psychological thriller. Instead of creating more suspense Kelleher had hoped, it created confusion as the reader would not have known what was going on. So it is because of this that I say that although Victor Kelleher is not an exceptional thrill er writer, Del-Del does grips like a vice and holds the reader taut, on a nerves edge, until the final page.

Financing Decisions and Market Efficiency Essay

Financing Decisions and Market Efficiency - Essay ExampleIt is therefore important that a community must be innovative and highly efficient in managing its long terminal and short term financial perspectives in a manner that promotes confidence in its investors and customers.The fast changing technological innovations keep back facilitated a wide scope of linking elements of finance and market derivatives that have considerable influence on each(prenominal) other. Very often, the market driven compulsions, affect the financial outcome of the corporate bodies, making them financially conquerable to market forces. Hence, the companies that are listed on the stock exchanges and have definite ratings by the various well respect investors services must ensure that they have solid feedback and accordingly formulate strategy to view as good market position.Moodys investors service is one of the worlds most trusted and utilized services that provides the investors with the protecti on of integrity of commendation vis--vis the companies that it rates according to their financial and performance based first harmonic strengths. It core business activities include credit rating, research and analysis providing a transparent system of market evaluation and upgrading the level of assessment of stocks with information based values. The most important aspect of Moodys credit ratings is that it help the investors to analyse the credit risks for the securities and stocks of the friendship. Hence once a company gets a credit rating from the Moody, its credibility is established in the market. The higher the credit listing, the better the chances are for the company to maintain a low interest cost and high stake in credit-debt ratio.Moodys go up to credit ratings, are based on the perspectives over a long period of time, within which the company would be not only be able to survive and succeed but also be able to meet its credit obligations. Therefore, it